Reduce the Cost of Marker Making

RESEARCH REPORT HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKER make AND DECREASE THE WASTAGE OF FABRIC? textile INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN Shakaib Iftikhar (AMM-3) Tariq Zaib(AMM-3) Arsalan Javed(AMM-3) Faiza Noor (AMM-3) TABLE OF CONTENTS short-change4 INTRODUCTION5 OBJECTIVES6 SCOPE OF THE THIS RESEARCH6 LITERATURE REVIEW7 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY10 RESULTS11 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS14 CONCLUSION16 APPENDIXES17 REFERENCES18ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would equivalent to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who hurl made the completion of this Lecture Notes execu slacken Our investigate Teacher, Maam Rakshanda Shah,for her vital encouragement, support and teaching. Maam Nazia, our Institute App atomic number 18l Lab Assistant, for providing marks and models. Mr Gamini, place of Appargonl Department for the constant reminders and much needed motivation. Mr Pardeep from Eastern Garments for providing us the lab settings and inspiration he xtended. All the work ers and staff of Eastern Garments who helped us in experimentations. Mr Lalith, Mr Salman and Mr Arsalan for assisting in the collection of the topics for the chapters. And Most especi anyy to my family and friends. ABSTRACT fool is a part of a paper on which the embodiments of e precise(prenominal) parts of the line ups are raddled so that garments drop be made by using minimum measuring of textile. Reducing the quantity message that overlord is being made businesslike so that textile wastage give the axe be cut back as much as likely.thither are two manner actings of mark do, the first star is manuall(a)y in which a specialized gull maker makes the makers and try to utilize all the textile so that another(prenominal) piece of textile is not necessitate. The other method is computerized method called Gerber engineering. In it the soft touchs are made in computers and the capability is set by computer to come down the fabric wastage. Saving the fabric is cru cial because is decrease the average damage so that profit maximization bottom of the inning occur. After conducting experiments the best method for change magnitude the stain faculty is Gerber (computerized).It makes the most efficient chumps which decreases the wastage of fabric. This saves the cost and benefits the garment manufactures as they fag end make more or less(prenominal) pieces ( conceptions) out of less(prenominal) fabric. INTRODUCTION In repenny years the number of bell ringers required by tog shapers has escalated disproportionately to growth. Orders are getting smaller, the number of different styles is increasing, and lead clock are getting shorter all of which put more pressure on the chump reservation department. So it is no surprise that sensitive automated patsy making tools are being launched onto the market.Niki Tait takes a look. The improved fabric utilisation associated with computerised marker making has helped this technology virtually take over from traditional manual methods over the last 25 to 30 years. With fabric accounting for somewhat 50 per cent of the ex-factory cost of a garment (more than 70 per cent in low cost prod countries), the 5 per cent saving associated with automated dodgings is key. In reality these marker making tools are computer assisted rather than computerised, with the skill of piece placement still relying on the experience of the marker maker.The computer plays a passive role, controlling the nesting constraints such as tilting, rotation and buffering while the floozy makes all the decisions. An experienced marker maker will remember combinations which have worked before, he squirt see what part might fit into which slot, and he knows what he can tilt approximately off gain to fit. In the last few years, however, CAD companies and research organisations throughout the world have been working to develop strategys to produce markers fully machine-controlledally.Its an extremely Gordian action disposed(p) all the possible combinations of pattern part placements within a lay, and one that only becomes worthwhile if the substantive utilisation matches that produced by a skilled marker maker using conventional computer systems. It is only now change state a viable option as the costs of high speed processing power and computer storage come down and computer software evolutions catch up. But for manufacturers the timing is a happy one as the number of markers and cost of making them has escalated disproportionately to growth.Orders are getting smaller, the number of different styles is increasing, and lead fourth dimensions are getting shorter all of which put more pressure on the marker making department. With automatic rifle marker making a series of parameters can be set. These include produce the best possible solution in 30 minutes try different combinations until a minimum of 91 per cent fabric utilisation is achieved dominate the best comb ination within 500 tries etc. The system can be left to work through a batch of instructions unattended both daytime and night, so time constraints become less of an issue.With most automated systems, however, there is overly the ability to commingle human intervention within the automated process. Most CAD companies agree this provides for the best solution, particularly where the marker is passage to be used for many repeats, on deep, long lays or where costly fabrics are going to be cut. OBJECTIVES This research has some(prenominal) objectives which are beneficiary for number of reasons. The first objective of this research is to summation the production per hour by increasing the susceptibility. energy is presently related to production because if the marker is efficient, it can be easily layed out on he large bundles of fabric. Another objective is to increase the susceptibility of the garment, when the marker made is good, the efficiency will increase and overall tincture of the garment will be improved. It will also decrease the waste produced by the cutting department since with marker making technology, fabric will be properly utilized. One more major objective is to meet the international tone of voice standards like for example ISO and etc. The objective goal of 83% percent efficiency which is the best in industries currently has to be met.This efficiency had to be tested on manual and computerized in auberge to find which gives the more efficiency and saves the fabric. SCOPE OF THE THIS RESEARCH One of the benefits of finding the efficiency was that the apparel industries require less labour to produce the garmants. The turna rape time of maker making is debaucheder if make all at one time and pricewise, it will cost less money to manufacture a garment in apparel industries just by stipendiary a flat rate for the whole process versus paying regular prize for each iodine job.The markers can be fully customized to fit any costum iers objectiveing needs and are offered to apparel companies, Professional business people, Artists, People with fresh objective inventions, young programers trying to launch for the first time a collection and people in common who want to create a small clothing line to sell their designs on an online website store. Turn around time for most jobs done through marker making is faster than making each individual pattern made separately.An efficient marker coordinates and organizes all the work flow to be done for the costumier and spends a great deal of time explaining each little detail of the design process to its design team who will be in charge and responsible for the completion of a given project. Pricewise, making a garment through 83 percent efficient computerized marker will cost a lot less money versus paying five to ten thousand rupees for the making each single pattern by hand. This amount of money is often spend by manufacturing companies who have the obligation of a ying all the salaries of their design team which can add up to thousands of rupees every week not forgetting the fact that paying regular prize for each individual pattern will always be more expensive than paying a flat rate for all the work to be done. In addition an efficient maker has many advantages, one of them is the ability to create many pattern and lay them on several fabrics in one location. This requires less space and the company can save its lot of space. Turnaround time for all pattern to be made are faster if done all at one time. LITERATURE REVIEWFor industrial garments preparation, marker making is a very important chapter for highest usage of fabric and for terminal wastage of fabric. This is a process which is performed to draw the pattern pieces on the fabric before cutting. This may be done by drawing the pattern pieces on the fabric directly or by drawing the pattern pieces on a thin marker paper and then placement the paper onto the fabric lay. So, we can d efine the marker as bellow. patsy is a thin paper which contains all necessary pattern pieces for all sizes for a particular style of garments in such a way that, fabric wastage would be least.The representation or drawing of the arrangement of identified garment pattern relevant to the cutting of a batch material. The marker is placed on the material and provides guideline for cutting. stain may be on fabric or held in computer data files. fool breadth is equal to the minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern sizes that will be drawn. Preparations of Marker Making out front the marker making, some preparatory processes would be followed. The processes are discussed ago (In preparatory processes chapter).Without those, some others preparations are * bulls eye Grain Line Before marker making, the grain line of pattern and fabric must be marked. * Fabric Measurement Before marker platformning, the fabric must be measured carefully. Because, marker widt h is relevant to the minimum fabric width. * Fabric Faults Fabric faults would be also under consideration. In a fabric roll, where any faults found, that points must be avoided for quality production and to least the fabric wastage. * Cutting remand Marker contriver should consider the cutting table length before making marker.Marker length must be less than the cutting table length. Constraints of Marker Making During marker making, the work of the marker planner is subjected to a number of constraints. These relate to i. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment. ii. The requirements of quality in cutting. iii. The requirements of production planning. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment * pattern alignment in relation to the grain of the fabric, pattern pieces usually carry a grain line.When pattern pieces are laid down the piece of cloth, the grain line should lie parallel to the line of the fudge in a wove n fabric or the wales in a knitted fabric. Where pattern pieces are laid across the piece, the grain line should lie parallel to the weft or course direction. If the marker planner lays down a pattern outside the stated rules for grain lines, then the finished garment will not hang and drape correctly when worn. This requirement to follow the grain lines restricts the freedom of the marker planner in choosing how to lay the patterns in the marker. * Symmetry or AsymmetryMany fabrics can be turned round (through 180. ) and retain the same appearance are called proportionate. They require no special attention during marker making. unsymmetrical fabrics are those which are turned (through 180. ) and do not retain the same appearance. Examples of such fabrics are kitty which is brushed in one direction and which show different reflection of light. The marker should be be after in such a way that it is in accordance with symmetry, asymmetry of the fabric. All pattern pieces of a garm ent should be along the same direction when laid down on a symmetrical fabric. * Design characteristics of the finished garmentsIf a vertical stripe does not show a complete mirror image repeat, the right and left sides of a garment may be mirror images of each other. In this case, a pattern should be placed on checks in such a way that the design matches when sewing up. During marker planning, a marker maker must have to think about twinned the checks and stripes in a garment. His freedom is restricted here. So I think it? s a constraints for a marker maker. The Requirements of Quality in Cutting * For majority of cutting situations where a knife mark is used, the placements of the pattern pieces in the marker must give freedom of knife movement.A blade, which has width, cannot turn a ideal right angle in the middle of pattern piece and space must always be allowed for a knife to turn such corners. The amount of space depends on the actual cutting method employed. * Pattern coun t check that the complete menu of pattern has been included. * Correct labeling of cut garments parts is inherent to identify correctly the garment parts for whole garment sizes. It is the responsibility of the marker planner to command every pattern pieces with its sizes as the marker is planned. The Requirements of Production PlanningWhen an put in placed for a quantity of garments, normally specifies a quantity of each size and colour. If the sewing room requires the cut work urgently, the marker may make two markers. 1. Short marker and 2. Long marker. * For long marker, it can be made jibe to the size proportion and different sizes. This process is very much efficient and takes more time and change magnitude shade variation. * For short marker and for the particular order two marker can be made, this process is less efficient but takes less time and more production and small cutting table. For complex garments long markers generally offer more opportunities for savings tha n do short ones. * The more sizes that included in a marker, the great are the scope for fabric savings. Greater fabric savings and after abase issue forth cost would normally result, from cutting a stepped lay with paper markers on top. However, though for greater efficiency, a marker maker needs opportunity to work with freedom, but for maintaining proper quality some criteria must be followed. That is why there are some constraints of marker making. Methods of Marker Making There are two methods of marker making. i. manual(a) method. ii. Computerized method.Here marker is produced in two ways. 1. Marker drawn directly on fabric lay. 2. Marker drawn on marker paper. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY In order to find out which method gives near 83 % efficiency, the data collected was analyzed by the means of statistical mathematics. 5 samples had to be selected from each 1. Manual Marker Making 2. Computerized Marker Making The computerized Marker making will be further tested using 7 d ifferent computerized machines for making markers. In total there were 5 samples from manual and 35 samples from Computerized Marker Making which means that there were total 40 samples of markers. 75 yards of fabric was used to lay markers on them. Each technique and machine was given 175 yards of fabric and the total fabric utilized was 7000 yards. The experiment was done two hundred measure in order to get 5 samples from each technique and method. In order to find out the efficiency, there is a formula which calculates it. The formula is Area of the patterns X 100 Area of the marker Out of 200 samples 40 samples were selected through simple random selection. 5 samples were selected from manual marker and 35 samples were selected from computerized marker making.After consume the results were put in the table and the mean of efficiency was calculated for the left out samples in order to find out how much efficiency at max could be given. RESULTS The 5 selected samples from each m ethod and technique were taken out and their efficiency was calculated. After getting their efficiency they were put in the table to find out the mean efficiency produced by them. MANUAL MARKER making attempt 1 sampling 2 pattern 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 76. 56% 78. 34% 67. 66% 61. 2% 67. 3% Mean efficiency of manual marker making= 70. 2 % Efficiency from manual marker making can be of maximum 70. % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING LECTRA Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 81 80 79. 9 79. 7 81. 3 Mean efficiency from Lectra = 80. 38% Efficiency from Lectra marker making can be of maximum 80. 38 % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING NESTER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 78. 9 77. 7 81. 2 81. 3 80. 18 Mean efficiency from nester = 79. 85% Efficiency from squatter marker making can be of maximum 79. 5 % but the required effic iency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING GERBER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 85 86 82. 3 83. 3 83 Mean efficiency from Gerber = 83. 92% Efficiency from Gerber marker making can be of maximum 83. 92 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most and it means that Gerber met the required efficiency percentage. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 82 82. 2 81. 37 82. 67 82. 73 COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING AUTOMATIC NESTER Mean efficiency from Automatic Nester = 82. 1%Efficiency from Automatic Nester marker making can be of maximum 82. 1 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING ASSYST BULLER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 81 79. 8 81. 8 81 80 Mean efficiency from Assyst Bullmer= 80. 72% Efficiency from Assyst Bullmer marker making can be of maximum 80. 72 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. Sample 1 Sample 2 S ample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 82. 33 82. 23 81. 36 82. 90 82. 88 COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING TUKATECH Mean efficiency from Tukatech = 82. 34%Efficiency from Tukatech marker making can be of maximum 82. 34 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS Lectra Because material savings are a fundamental factor for every apparel firm, Lectra has spent the last 25 years developing solutions that apply state-of-the-art technology for material optimisation. Diamino V4 is its latest computer assisted version which, when combined with Expert V4, provides an automatic marker-making tool that can dispense all kinds of fabrics and generate entire markers or complete partially operator-processed markers.Lectra says its intelligent software takes into account the specialized requirements of different garments, fabrics and pattern pieces. Gerber Technology Maximizing fabric utilisation is not the only consideration of marker making the time it takes is i ncreasingly important too. Gerber Technology has modified its AccuMark and Micromark software to allow parts to be rotated according to specified laying and style rules. The grain line deviation can also be defined. For the actual automation of the marker production its software has been integrated with Nester Server. NesterNester is available in two versions NesterServer as an upgrade to CAD systems from Gerber, Assyst, Asahi, Toray, PAD and VetiGraph and the Nester complete nesting system. This software tool mechanically generates cost-effective markers for production, cost and engineering. It also combines automatic and semi-automatic options. The company claims Nesters return on investment is realised in under six months. Fabric savings with automatic nesting Nester Inc offers this real-life example of a sportswear manufacturer cutting $30 million of fabric annually. Four production markers were given to Nester to process automatically.On average, Nester generated layouts that w ere superior to CAD-based manual results by 1. 05 per cent. The average length used in the four markers was 714. 21 cm with Nester and 721. 85 cm with traditional CAD-based manual nesting. On average, NESTER outperformed a CAD operator by 7. 64 cm, or 1. 05 per cent. If this saving were extended over the entire marker population in this factory, 1. 05 per cent fabric savings would equate to $315,000 per annum. Pad Systems Although Pad Systems software integrates with Nester, it also has its own automatic marker making system.Within this, individual pattern pieces are directly related to the base pattern piece, so any changes to the pattern are automatically reflected in the marker. This feature is important in a fast changing fashion industry where patterns may be modified several times throughout the development of a style. New markers are based on a similar, though previously manually made, marker of a comparable style and material. Thus Pads automatic marker combines the original manual skill of the marker maker with the processing speed of the computer.This combination, the company explains, results in similar fabric utilisation but the new marker is achieved in a fraction of the time. Assyst Bullmer Assyst Bullmer no longer supplies automatic marker making software to its customers, explaining that automarker. com uses the most up-to-date software, is maintenance-free, and is available 24/7. On their own CAD systems customers define the width of marker, the sizes to plan and constraints such as whether rotation or twisting off grain is allowed. This is then sent to the website and the results transfer by the factory or sub contractor.Users include manufacturers in Eastern Europe where the comparable cost of manual lay planning on a CAD system would be low. Tukatech Tukatechs automatic marker making facility is called Nest ++ and is of particular use in helping cater for overload or rush orders, for large ratio markers and to estimate the best efficiencie s on many fabric widths during pre-production. Efficiencies are utter to be comparable to manually placing pieces in the CAD system (approximately 1 to 3 per cent difference). Users can start a marker with manual placement and Nest++ will finish the job automatically.Benefits are said to include increases in material efficiency with subsequent decreases in material waste, time and labour savings in making markers improvements in overall marker quality tighter markers avoidance of backlogs during peak periods and fast, circumstantial cost proposals for clients. FINDINGS After experimentation the GERBER machine, is the best in reducing waste and giving the more efficiency. It is break up to install Gerber rather than installing any other experimented CAD machine. Manual should be eliminated as the system is very faulty and old. CONCLUSIONIn manual system the system is used to make maker for garment making is traditional. But in CAD system marker making is done in modern system. Mar ker efficiencies are not visible in manual system. Other hand, marker efficiency is visible in CAD system. Marker length is not visible in manual system while Marker length is visible in monitor screen at CAD system. In manual, once marker is made, it is not possible to increase its efficiency. But in CAD it is possible to increase the efficiency at any time possible which means that fabric can be saved. In manual if the marker is layed, nothing can be done about it.Marker copying is not possible manually, so it is very time consuming to trace each and every other marker out there. In CAD, by using Plotter as much as possible copy can be done. Manual marker making is very time consuming method whereas, CAD is a faster method. In manual system quality cannot be assured, sometimes markers can be good other times really faulty but in CAD, it has quality assurance. Even though manual system costing is low, CAD is expensive but the labour cost reduced saves cost in the long scathe and s ince markers can be utilized again and again there is no special need of hiring a professional marker maker to make the atterns and lay them on fabrics. Out of all the CAD system Gerber turned out to be the best since it has an automatic efficiency calculator and it evens shows and tells that this much amount of fabric would be wasted if the efficiency percentage is low. Therefore, apparel industries are recommended to use Gerber as their primary arising for making Patterns and makers. APPENDIXES 1. Marker Making Marker is a part of a paper on which the patterns ofall parts of the garments are drawn so that garments can be made by usingminimum quantity of fabric. 2. Marker EfficiencyThe efficiency of marker making means that how efficient it is in saving the fabric. 3. Computerized Marker Making Markers which are made through the means of Computer 4. Manual Marker Making Markers which are prepared manually by a trained professional 5. Laying The putting of patterns/makers on the bu ndles of fabric. 6. Plotter This is in computerized maker making. In plotter line diagrams of patterns or makers are drawn. REFERENCES 1. Garment Construction Skills (Premlata Mullick) 2. Apparel Manufacturing (Sewn Product Analysis) 3. Patternmaking for Gerber Technology (Helen Joseph-armstrong) 4. www. scribd. com/doc/61990320/Marker-Making